STEM介绍
Introduction of STEM
什么是STEM课程？
What is STEM Course?
STEM是科学 (Science)，技术 (Technology)，工程 (Engineering)，数学 (Mathematics) 四门学科英文首字母的缩写，其中科学在于认识世界、解释自然界的客观规律；技术和工程则是在尊重自然规律的基础上改造世界、实现对自然界的控制和利用、解决社会发展过程中遇到的难题；数学则作为技术与工程学科的基础工具。
STEM并不只是一门学科，它是当下最时兴、最科学的教育理念，其教育思维旨在让孩子拥有理工思维，通过亲自动手去认识世界，了解世界。STEM也是一种更优化的思维模式，激发孩子在学习实践中发挥想象力以及创造力，从幼儿期开始学习，更是可以不断完善成长，受用终身。
STEM is the acronym for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. Science is about understanding the world and explaining the objective laws of nature. Technology and engineering seek to transform the world by controlling environments and ecosystems based on nature’s physical laws. Mathematics is the basic toolkit for technology and engineering.
STEM is not just a discipline, it is the most exciting and scientific philosophy of education today. It aims to equip children with a science and engineering oriented mindset, to learn about and understand the world through hands-on activities. STEM is also a more optimized mode of thinking. It stimulates children to develop imagination and creativity in their learning. By starting from early childhood, the benefits last a lifetime.
STEM的教育理念
STEM Educational Philosophy
STEM与教育改革 | STEM and Education Reform
我们教育改革的目标是让孩子降低课业负担，调动学习积极性，成为终身学习者，还要发挥孩子的想象力、创造力，培养一批“创客”，提升中国的“智造力”，打造中国的“硅谷”，让创意创新能力成为我国发展新的经济动力引擎。
The goal of our education reform is to reduce children’s burden from their schoolwork, to mobilize their enthusiasm for learning, and to make them lifelong learners. By bringing into full play children’s imagination and creativity, we aim to develop a generation of "Makers", to raise China's "intelligence capability", to build China's "Silicon Valley" whereby creativity and innovation becoming the new economic impetus to China's development.
传统教育与STEM教育的区别 | The Difference between Traditional Education and STEM Education
| 传统教育 | Traditional Education | VS | STEM教育 | STEM Education |
| 学习方式平面化；记忆难度大，容易忘记 Flattened approach. Rote memorization. Materials studied tend to be forgotten easily. |
学习方式 Learning Approaches |
参与式学习，学习方式立体化。学习高效，记忆深刻 Participatory learning. Interactive approach. Efficient learning. Facts more easily remembered. |
| 学科间壁垒化，不同学科交叉程度低 Rigid distinction between subjects. Lack of cross-curricular connections. |
学科区分 Disciplinary Distinction |
打破学科间壁垒，尽量融合知识，让学习事倍功半 Interdisciplinary learning. Productive learning. |
| 在同样的题目、标准答案下，个人可发挥的空间小 Standardized questions and answers. Very limited space for individual expression. |
个人发挥 Individual Expression |
发挥主观能动性，在获取知识同时加入新的内容 Subjective initiative is encouraged. Cross-curricular knowledge connections. |
| 按分数排序，分数决定成败 Ranking students by scores. Test scores decide make or break. |
评价标准 Evaluation Criteria |
发现、培养个体区别，不同方向培养 Differentiated instruction. Differential learning. |
美国政府对STEM的重视程度
U.S. government attaches great importance to STEM
2006年，硅谷崛起，小布什总统公布了《美国竞争力计划》 (American Competitiveness Initiative，ACI) ，提出培养具有STEM素养的人才是知识经济时代教育目标之一，并视为全球竞争力的关键。
2007年开始，STEM教育从本科延伸至K12教育阶段，美国中小学开始实施STEM教育。
2009年，奥巴马上任以来，对STEM教育极其重视，先后颁布“竞争卓越” (Race to the Top) 、“为创新而教” (Educate to Innovate) 、“尊重项目” (Respect Project) 等多项科技教育计划。出台了提高课程标准、拨款加大资助力度、争取民间力量的支持、加强STEM教师培养等多项举措。
2015年，奥巴马签署的美国《STEM教育法案》正式生效，明确将计算机科学列入STEM教育类别。通过增强STEM教育确保其在科技创新领域的国际竞争力。
In 2006, following the rise of Silicon Valley, former President George W. Bush announced the American Competitiveness Initiative (ACI), proposing the development of STEM talents as one of the educational goals in the era of knowledge economy, and the key to global competitiveness.
Beginning in 2007, STEM education was extended from undergraduate to K12 education. STEM education was introduced to the elementary and secondary schools in the United States.
In 2009, after taking office, then-President Barack Obama started to attach great importance to STEM education and successively enacted a series of technological education plans such as "Race to the Top", "Educate to Innovate" and "Respect Project”. He introduced a number of initiatives, such as improving curriculum standards, allocating more funds, enlisting the support of nongovernmental forces, and strengthening STEM teachers’ training.
In 2015, Obama signed into law the STEM Education Act, incorporating computer science into the definition of STEM education, to ensure America’s international competitiveness in the field of scientific and technological innovation by strengthening STEM education.
STEM在中国的发展情况
The Development of STEM in China
2017
教育部印发《义务教育小学科学课程标准》，倡导跨学科学习方式，建议教师可以在教学实践中尝试STEM教育。被认为是“首次定义了中国版的STEM”。
In 2017, the Ministry of Education issued the National Science Curriculum Standards for Primary Compulsory Education, advocating interdisciplinary learning and encouraging teachers to incorporate STEM education in their teaching practices. This is regarded as the first attempt to define China’s STEM Education.
中国正加大对教育改革的推进力度，并开始尝试STEM教育方式。
In recent years, China has stepped up its efforts to promote education reform and has been actively experimenting with STEM educational methods.
2016
教育部在《教育信息化“十三五”规划》中明确提出，有条件的地区要积极探索信息技术在“众创空间”、跨学科学习 (STEAM教育) 、创客教育等新的教育模式中的应用。
In 2016, the Ministry of Education put forward clearly in the "Thirteen-Fifth Plan for Education Informatization” that wherever applicable, information technology should be actively explored in the "makerspaces", interdisciplinary learning (STEAM education), maker education and other new educational model
2017
山东省、贵州省、江苏省等省份，推行STEM教育的省级文件逐批落地，预示着STEM教育开始真正走进中国校园，成为教育改革中一股重要力量。
In 2017, provincial-level documents endorsing STEM education were approved in Shandong, Guizhou and Jiangsu provinces, indicating that STEM education has really begun to enter into Chinese schools and has become an important force in promoting education reform.
教育市场不断扩大
Education Market is Expanding Every Year
中国近年来不断推行鼓励“二胎”政策，从数据可以看出全国幼儿数量、幼儿园数量、在园幼儿人数逐年增高，随着市场的逐渐扩大，也为教育改革迎来了更大的关注度，教育领域成为未来一个重要的风口行业，谁能提供最优质的教学内容、安全的教学装备、可靠的教学资源，就能成为市场的领航者。
In recent years, China has begun to implement the two-child policy. Data shows that the number of young children in the country, the number of kindergartens and the number of children in kindergartens are increasing annually. With the gradual expansion of the market, education reform has attracted a greater degree of attention, and education is deemed to become an important emerging industry in the future. Those who are able to provide the best quality teaching content, safe teaching equipment and reliable teaching resources will become market leaders.
| 全国情况 | 2010年 | 2011年 | 2012年 | 2013年 | 2014年 | 2015年 | 2017年 |
| 幼儿人数 | 1.1209亿 | 1.1219亿 | 1.1236亿 | 1.1287亿 | 1.1332亿 | 1.1351亿 | 1.1400亿 |
| 幼儿人数同比增长率 | -0.07% | 0.09% | 0.15% | 0.45% | 0.40% | 0.17% | 0.18% |
| 幼儿园数量 | 15.04万 | 16.68万 | 18.13万 | 19.8万 | 20.02万 | 21.33万 | 22.98万 |
| 幼儿园数量同比增长率 | 8.80% | 10.90% | 8.69% | 9.54% | 1.11% | 6.54% | 3.93% |
| 在园幼儿人数 | 2976.67万 | 3424.45万 | 3685.76万 | 3895万 | 4051万 | 4460万 | 4930万 |
| 在园幼儿人数同比增长率 | 12.00% | 15.00% | 7.63% | 5.68% | 4.01% | 10.10% | 5.12% |
| 新出生人口数 | 1596万 | 1604万 | 1635万 | 1640万 | 1687万 | 1787万 |
| 新出生人口同比增长率 | -1.18% | 0.50% | 1.93% | 0.31% | 2.87% | 5.93% |
| 幼儿学前三年入园率 | 56.60% | 62.30% | 65.40% | 67.50% |
| 教幼儿教育装备市场 | 73.6万亿 | 88.1万亿 | 93.6万亿 | 102.3万亿 | 112万亿 | 122万亿 | 141万亿 |
| National wise | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2017 |
| Number of young children | 112.09 million | 112.19 million | 112.36 million | 112.87 million | 113.32 million | 113.51 million | 114 million |
| Year-on-year growth rate of the number of young children | -0.07% | 0.09% | 0.15% | 0.45% | 0.40% | 0.17% | 0.18% |
| Number of kindergartens | 150,400 | 166,800 | 181,300 | 198,000 | 200,200 | 213,300 | 229,800 |
| Year-on-year growth rate of kindergartens | 8.80% | 10.90% | 8.69% | 9.54% | 1.11% | 6.54% | 3.93% |
| Number of kindergarten students | 29.7667 million | 34.2445 million | 36.8576 million | 38.95 million | 40.51 million | 44.60 million | 49.30 million |
| Growth rate of kindergarten students | 12.00% | 15.00% | 7.63% | 5.68% | 4.01% | 10.10% | 5.12% |
| Number of births | 15.96 million | 16.04 million | 16.35 million | 16.4 million | 16.87 million | 17.87 million |
| Year-on-year growth of birth rate | -1.18% | 0.50% | 1.93% | 0.31% | 2.87% | 5.93% |
| Admission rate for children three years prior to school | 56.60% | 62.30% | 65.40% | 67.50% |
| Preschool education equipment market | 73.6 tillion | 88.1 trillion | 93.6 tillion | 102.3 tillion | 112 tillion | 122 tillion | 141 tillion |
专业幼师严重供不应求
Professional Kindergarten Teachers in Short Supply
教育市场不断扩大，幼教教师的缺口也随之变大。教师素养、男教师匮乏等问题成了市场上亟待解决的难题。
中国教育市场需要补充大量专业的优秀教师人才，未来中国的教育改革会更加深入，对于幼教从业者而言，必将是一个职业的重大机遇期。
花果天育诚邀有STEM专业技能的国内与国外人才加入我们，一起开拓ECSTEM教育市场，让优秀的教育理念能接触到更多的优秀学子。
As the education market expands, the shortage of preschool teachers has become acute. The problems of teacher quality, lack of male teachers and other issues have become increasingly urgent.
China's education market needs to be replenished with a large number of professional and talented teachers. Going forward, as China's education reform intensifies, major changes and opportunities for preschool education practitioners will arise.
Huaguo Tianyu is delighted to invite domestic and foreign talents with STEM professional skills to join us in our work to develop the ECSTEM education market to reach more outstanding students.
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